Objectives: Falls are one of the leading causes of injury in the elderly,therefore, prevention and early intervention seem essential. Given the importance of examining and identifying factors affecting falls and the lack of such studies, it is essential to conduct this research to investigate the factors influencing falls in older adults in developing countries, with an emphasis on safety and ergonomics. Methods: A review method was used to conduct this study. Articles from 2019 to 2024 were found using the keywords: "Fall risk factor, " "Safety, " "Elderly, " "Fall prevention, " "Home safety, " and "Urban safety" on PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar websites. Results: After a total of 1, 154 publications were located, 523 were chosen based on their titles, 120 were examined based on their abstracts, and 51 were chosen whose full texts were available in English. Many elements, including psychological, physical, and cognitive characteristics, ergonomic and safety tools, awareness and education, social factors, and urban services, were examined in the publications about falls among the elderly. Conclusion: The risk factors for falls in the elderly were taken into account in this study by classifying external variables and internal factors, all of which had an impact on falls in the elderly. The results indicate that few studies have simultaneously assessed multiple factors. Therefore, it is recommended that future studies examine multiple factors concurrently, considering the impact of awareness factors.

Background and Aims: A significant part of infertility has been related to environmental conditions as well as acquired risk factors. Different environmental conditions emphasize the necessity of studying different etiologies of infertility in each region. The present study aimed to determine the etiologies of infertility in infertile couples. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 583 infertile men and women referred to the infertility clinic from 2021 to 2022 were examined. In addition, sampling was performed using the census method. Information about patients was obtained from medical tests and laboratory findings. It is noteworthy that descriptive statistics, such as frequency and mean, were used to analyze the data. Results: According to the results, oligospermia was the most common cause of male infertility (44.72%), and ovulation disorder was the most prevalent reason for female infertility (66.17%). In general, ovulation disorder and sperm motility were the most common causes of infertility (36.73%). There was no significant relationship between women's underlying diseases and the causes of infertility (P>0.05). Conclusion: The etiology pattern of infertility is closely similar to that of many other regions reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). Despite this, the rate of ovarian disorders is higher than that in many other studies, which needs further studies.

Nowadays, the fundamental role of having a purpose for life in physical and mental health has been confirmed. According to victor frankl, presence of a purpose in life gives life a meaning and increases resilience against pains and traumas. The importance of the purpose in life construct reveals the need for a reliable and valid tool to measure it. Crumbaugh and Maholick's purpose in life questionnaire is the first and one of the most applied tools for the assessment of life's purposefulness. The aim of this research is to determine the factor structure of purpose in life questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered on 206 students who were selected through random stratified sampling at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Exploratory factor analysis showed that there are two factors "comprehension" and "purpose" and this finding were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Altogether results of this research showed factor validity of the purpose in life questionnaire with a two factor pattern

The world is embroiled in a pandemic of a new coronavirus at the end of 2019 and early in 2020, with such a large scale that it has severely involved the political, economic, and social systems in most countries around the world. The scale of the crisis is so widespread that many experts believe that the post-corona world will be substantially different from the pre-corona world. In the face of this massive epidemic, how people perceive risk and how to risk is communicated, plays a central role in deciding and choosing people's behavior. Fighting with this emerging phenomenon requires mobilizing all the possibilities of society and helping all people in the field of empathy and altruism. In this article, we briefly review aspects of the important concept of risk perception and communication in this pervasive crisis.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to discuss a possible new risk factor for the bacterial meningitis.METHODS: Cerebrospinal fluid collected from 270 patients was assayed. An enzyme immunosorbent assay for the detection of Staphylococcal enterotoxins A to E was used.RESULTS: The results indicated that the frequency of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) was 35 (20.46%). An important finding of this research was that the CoNS isolates produced enterotoxin C and D or enterotoxin C and E.CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of enterotoxin-producing Coagulase Negative Staphylococci isolated from CSF patients. Therefore, these enterotoxins probably act as risk factors in the bacterial invasion into central nervous system.